By Jeph Duarte | Pounding The Rock (PtR), 2026-08-27 19:00:00
在过去的80年里，NBA不断演变。从增加三分线到进攻篮板后14秒进攻时间重置，联盟不断出台新规则，让比赛更具挑战性、更公平、也更有趣。
下面这篇帖子列举了一些因球员而生的规则变更。早在联盟初期，NBA就一直在调整一切，从球场设计到篮筐耐用性，再到犯规的吹罚方式。来看看这些球员是如何改变比赛的。
hoopsciety：沙奎尔·奥尼尔在新泽西完成了一记扣篮，整个篮架被他拽了下来。1993年4月23日，篮筐、篮板和计时器全部砸在了梅多兰兹球馆的地板上，而他头也不回地走开了。NBA在那个夏天加固了篮架支撑。联盟自1951年起就一直在做这种事——当时为了把乔治·麦肯从篮下赶出去而加宽了禁区——而且从未停止过，从篮板到十分之一秒，再到低位背打五秒规则，以及跳投出手的精确时机，一路调整至今。
文中首先提到的两次规则变更都与扩大禁区有关。第一次是为了应对乔治·麦肯，第二次则是因为威尔特·张伯伦和比尔·拉塞尔。这三位都是那个年代最响亮的名字。难怪他们的天赋塑造了这项运动。
扣将们不断考验着篮筐的耐用性。达里尔·道金斯发现，扣篮时只要下拉的力量足够大，篮板就会碎裂。奥尼尔称道金斯为“力量扣篮之父”，并自称是“他最出色的儿子”。他说得没错——联盟后来确实加固了篮架支撑，以承受他那些势大力沉的暴扣。
你可能会问，那关于时间限制的规则呢？五秒背打规则是因为查尔斯·巴克利和马克·杰克逊在低位背身碾压对手、消耗大量进攻时间而制定的。而0.3秒出手规则则归功于特伦特·塔克。
还有针对犯规动作的定制修改。凯文·杜兰特的“捞球过人”、雷吉·米勒的“踢腿造犯规”，以及詹姆斯·哈登的“挥臂造犯规”，这些动作都被重新界定，以维护比赛的公正性，而非纵容许多球员惯用的骗犯规伎俩。“捞球过人”不再被吹罚投篮犯规，夸张的踢腿动作可能被判进攻犯规，哈登的那套打法如今也受到严格审查——他的大部分动作现在只算普通犯规，不再博得罚球机会。
奥尼尔再次出现在以他命名的规则中，这可能是这份名单上最广为人知的一条。“砍鲨战术”是一种故意对非投篮动作犯规的策略，目的是把罚球不准的球员送上罚球线，从而剥夺对手的进攻机会。虽然这种战术至今仍然存在，但在比赛最后两分钟内，被犯规方将获得一罚一掷，这让罚球不佳的强力内线在比赛最关键的时刻能够留在场上。
当然，马刺队史上最著名的“砍鲨战术”：
当然，每一位马刺球迷都知道“扎扎规则”。2017年5月14日，西部决赛第一场比赛中，金州勇士队的大个子扎扎·帕楚利亚将脚伸到了科怀·伦纳德的落地位置，导致后者旧伤复发。失去伦纳德的马刺队原本大比分领先的优势逐渐被蚕食，勇士队最终偷走了这场胜利。伦纳德缺席了系列赛剩余的所有比赛，马刺也被勇士横扫出局。如今，帕楚利亚那种阻止对手安全落地的具体动作会被裁判回放审查，并可能被升级为恶意犯规。
由生成式 AI 翻译，翻译内容可能不准确或不完整，以原文为准。
查看原文：Open Thread: NBA rules that changed because of a specific player
Open Thread: NBA rules that changed because of a specific player
Over the past 80 years, the NBA had evolved. From the addition of a three-point line to the 14-second clock resetting with an offensive rebound, the league implements rules to make the game more challenging, fair, and interesting.
The post below listed a few of the changes that were specific to players. Even early on, the league has adapted everything from the design of the court to the durability of the rim to the way fouls are called. Check out how these players changed the game.
hoopsciety: Shaquille O’Neal dunked in New Jersey and the basket came down with him. The rim, the backboard and the shot clock ended up on the floor of the Meadowlands on 23 April 1993, and he walked off without looking back. The NBA strengthened its supports over the summer. The league had been doing this since 1951, when it widened the lane to move George Mikan away from the rim, and it never stopped, working through a backboard, a tenth of a second, five seconds in the post and the exact moment a jump shot begins.
The first two mentioned involved enlarging the lane. The first time was a response to George Mikan, the second was due to Wilt Chamberlain and Bill Russell. Three of the biggest names from those early years. No wonder their talent shaped the game.
Dunkers have influenced the rim as durability has been tested time and again. Darryl Dawkins found that if he pulled down hard enough when dunking, the backboard shattered. Shaq called Dawkins “the father of power dunking” and referred to himself as “his best son.” He wasn’t wrong, as the league later reinforced basket supports to handle his powerful slams as well.
How about timing, you ask? Well the five second rule was designed because Charles Barkley and Mark Jackson dominated shot clocks backing guys into the paint. And the 0.3 second rule on getting a shot off is attributed to Trent Tucker.
And then there are the custom alterations to fouls. Kevin Durant’s rip through, Reggie Miller’s leg kick out, and James Harden swing through have all been changed to honor integrity of the game, not the foul-baiting aspect that many players utilize. The rip through is no longer a shooting foul, a crazy leg kick out may result in an offensive foul, and Harden’s methodology is now checked. Most of what he does counts as common fouls and no longer instigates free throws.
Shaq makes another appearance in the namesake rule that is probably the best known on the list. The Hack-A-Shaq is an away-from-the-play foul meant to send a not-so-great shooter to the free throw line, ultimately stealing an offensive opportunity away from their opponent. While the practice still exists, it garners a free throw and possession in the last two minutes, allowing dominant big men with limited free throw range to stay on the court when the game is at its apex.
Of course, the most famous Hack-A-Shaq in Spurs history:
And of course every Spurs fan has knowledge of “The Zaza Rule.” On May 14, 2017, during Game 1 of the Western Conference Finals, Golden State Warriors big man Zaza Pachulia slid his foot into the landing spot of Kawhi Leonard, reaggravating an injury. The Spurs commanding lead withered without Leonard and the Warriors stole the game. Leonard was out for the remainder of the series and the Spurs were swept by the Warriors. Now, the exact tactics used by Pachulia to not allow a safe landing are reviewed by officials and can be upgraded to flagrant fouls.
By Jeph Duarte, via Pounding The Rock