1997-08-05, By Jerry Briggs
步行者最新加入球馆建设热潮 印第安纳波利斯对马刺的建议:耐心点
随着圣安东尼奥人不可避免地开始猜测马刺队何时何地搬迁,印第安纳波利斯最近为步行者队的新球馆奠基,从而阻止了这种让球迷心碎的猜测。
7 月 22 日,印第安纳波利斯市中心开始动工修建一座将于 1999 年开放的新球馆。该项目由私人和公共资金共同融资,包括拆除市场广场竞技场,总花费为 1.75 亿美元。
步行者队与马刺队同属美国篮球协会(ABA),他们将在未来两个赛季继续在市场广场竞技场进行比赛。之后,他们将搬进拥有豪华包厢、可容纳 19,000 名观众的新球馆。
“这真的意义重大,”步行者队总裁唐尼·沃尔什(Donnie Walsh)说。“对我们来说是一个里程碑。我们一直以来都在市场广场竞技场苦苦支撑,但如果没有新的球馆,我们最终将无法继续下去。”
该融资方案被誉为公私结合的典范。市领导称其为 60% 私人资金,但随着未来几年城市偿还 3700 万美元的企业捐款,该项目可能逐渐变成一个更偏向公共资金的项目。
“在过去的几个月里,我听到了来自数千名印第安纳波利斯居民的呼声,”印第安纳波利斯市长史蒂夫·戈德史密斯(Steve Goldsmith)说。“几乎所有的人都同意两点:首先,步行者队是我们社区极其重要的资产;其次,我们不应该通过提高房产税、销售税或所得税来建造新的球馆。”
“这个计划同时实现了这两个目标。”
与此同时,马刺队由于缺乏当地居民的支持,已经放弃了他们自己的球馆建设计划。马刺队最近进行的一项针对圣安东尼奥注册选民的调查显示,61% 的人反对建造一座社区体育馆。
马刺队将在进入他们的第 25 个赛季之际,继续在阿拉莫圆顶体育场比赛。沃尔什理解马刺队在寻求新球馆的过程中所经历的困难。
“如果我们没有得到新的球馆,”他说,“我们将被迫做一些我们不想做的事情。我们的所有者蒙受了一些损失,但你不可能永远承受损失。”
步行者队的项目延续了 NBA 球馆建设的热潮,在 20 世纪 90 年代,29 支球队中有 11 支已经搬进了新球馆。
亚特兰大老鹰队计划在六周内为即将拆除的全能竞技场(Omni)修建一座新球馆。在接下来的两个赛季,老鹰队将把他们的主场比赛分配到佐治亚理工学院的球馆和佐治亚圆顶体育场。
另外两支球队——金州勇士队和华盛顿奇才队(前身为子弹队)——将在今年秋季在新球馆进行首场比赛。
据《洛杉矶时报》最近的一项研究显示,到 90 年代末,将有 20 支 NBA 球队要么搬进新球馆,要么已经为新球馆制定了计划。德克萨斯州的三支球队——马刺队、达拉斯小牛队和休斯敦火箭队——是剩余的没有明确计划的球队。
在大多数情况下,90 年代的 NBA 球馆建设都引发了争议,主要原因是关于资金包的争议。马刺队还没有提出任何资金包,但已经遭到了一些居民的反对,他们担心这会导致税收增加。
相比之下,步行者队也经历了一些艰难的时期。
“我们没有进行全民公决,”沃尔什说,“但感觉就像我们进行了公决,因为我们做了很多调查和公开会议。”
印第安纳波利斯居民抱怨说,过度重视建造体育设施,例如 RCA 圆顶体育场,而教育却得不到足够的重视。
“人们试图比较球队和教育哪个更重要,但你无法比较,”沃尔什说。“球队(不那么重要)。无论球馆的建设结果如何,(城市)领导人是否会投入更多资金用于(教育)?可能不会。”
“这对于人们来说,很难理解。”最初,印第安纳波利斯市领导人像其他人一样持怀疑态度。步行者队在市场广场竞技场获得了三个 ABA 冠军。为什么他们在 NBA 中不能继续在这座球馆取得成功?
“这是一个非常艰难的过程,”印第安纳波利斯市长特别顾问吉姆·斯奈德(Jim Snyder)说。“大约四年前开始的。步行者队过来,说:‘我们无法在 MSA 竞技场保持竞争力。’我们说,我们无法相信。我们花了四年的时间才理解他们为什么这么说。”
在圣安东尼奥,马刺队表示,由于标准以下的高级座位——主要是豪华包厢,他们无法在阿拉莫圆顶体育场取得成功。相比之下,步行者队的处境更糟糕。在市场广场竞技场,他们没有包厢或俱乐部座位。
“你必须理解,今天的篮球比赛中,有一个工资帽,这个工资帽与所有球队的收入挂钩,包括他们的包厢收入,”沃尔什说。“如果你没有包厢,而你的支出(球员薪水)却与其他球队成正比地增加,那么你就很难进行竞争。”
对于纳税人来说,承担全部球馆建设费用的负担也越来越重。在 NBA 中,90 年代的大多数项目都是由私人和公共资金共同资助的。
印第安纳波利斯项目遵循了这种模式,据称私人资金超过 1 亿美元。步行者队将贡献未来球馆收入的 5700 万美元,以及 500 万美元的预付款。
另外 3700 万美元将来自市中心购物中心的利润。制药巨头礼来公司的土地捐赠被视为价值 1000 万美元的实物捐赠。
从公共部门来看,体育税区将在未来几年内筹集 5000 万美元。这笔钱将来自该区的销售税和所得税。
所得税将从在球馆、RCA 圆顶体育场和 AAA 棒球场工作的每个人(包括运动员)那里征收。
此外,资本改善委员会(拥有所有三个体育场租赁权)将提供超过 1600 万美元的储备金。
印第安纳州州长提出的诉讼质疑建立体育税区法律的合法性,这阻碍了债券的出售。印第安纳波利斯官员预计诉讼不会成功,但在债券发行之前,该市将利用 5000 万美元的信用额度启动项目。
关于这笔交易中公共资金和私人资金的比例,还有一些疑问。来自市中心购物中心投资者的 3700 万美元企业捐款将在 20 年内由城市偿还。
与此同时,一名球队官员表示,步行者队将在租约谈判结束后获得“一大笔钱”。据报道,步行者队将获得球馆的大部分收入,包括他们比赛的所有包厢收入。斯奈德说,球队将获得 20 年的租约,包括 10 年的强制比赛条款。
斯奈德说,10 年后,球队可以选择退出,但要支付“相当大”的罚款。斯奈德没有具体说明罚款金额,只说它将与“球队的价值”挂钩。
“底线是,”他说,“我们(城市)是全身而退。”
沃尔什对租约中的条款感到满意。
“这是一笔不错的交易,”他说。“解决了我们的问题。我们有更多的广告位。我们有 2000 个俱乐部座位。这让我们处于更好的位置。但没有人会因此变得富有。”
尽管马刺队遇到了球馆问题,但沃尔什预测他们最终将获得他们想要的球馆。
“我理解他们遇到的困难,”他说。“但马刺队是圣安东尼奥市不可或缺的一部分。我相信他们最终会找到解决问题的办法。这就是社区的意义所在。”
篮球馆建设热潮
90 年代是 NBA 球馆建设热潮的年代。在联盟的 29 支球队中,有 20 支球队要么已经在这十年里搬进了新球馆,要么已经为新球馆制定了计划。
球队 球馆 成本(百万美元) 开放时间 座位数 包厢 资金来源
亚特兰大 未命名 213-x 1999 20,000 100 私人/公共
波士顿 舰队中心 160 1995 18,600 104 私人/公共
夏洛特 未命名 192-p NA NA NA 私人/公共
芝加哥 联合中心 175 1994 21,711 216 私人
克利夫兰 甘恩竞技场 152 1994 20,562 92 私人/公共
丹佛 百事中心 150 1999 19,200 84 私人
金州 大球馆竞技场 100 1997 19,200 72 私人/公共
印第安纳 印第安纳球馆 175 1999 20,000 66 私人/公共
洛杉矶湖人 未命名 250-px 1999 20,000 160 私人/公共
迈阿密 未命名 165-p 1999 NA NA 私人/公共
明尼苏达 目标中心 104 1990 19,006 68 私人/公共
费城 科尔斯泰茨中心 206 1996 18,168 126 私人/公共
菲尼克斯 美国西部竞技场 96 1992 19,023 88 私人/公共
波特兰 玫瑰花园 262 1995 21,538 70 私人/公共
圣安东尼奥 阿拉莫圆顶体育场 186 1993 20,662-y 34 公共
西雅图 KeyArena 110 1995 17,072 58 公共
多伦多 加拿大航空中心 200 1999 22,500 NA 私人
犹他 三角洲中心 94 1991 19,911 56 私人
温哥华 通用汽车球馆 160 1995 19,193 88 私人
华盛顿 MCI 中心 175-x 1997 20,000 110 私人
p: 计划
x: 包括零售、商业或附属设施
y: 下层座位;上层座位 37,000(马刺队容量)
公共: 公共资金
私人: 私人资金
NA: 不适用
来源:《洛杉矶时报》,1997 年
点击查看原文:Pacers latest to get on track for arena Indiana's advice to Spurs: Be patient
Pacers latest to get on track for arena Indiana’s advice to Spurs: Be patient
As San Antonio awaits inevitable speculation about when and where the Spurs might relocate, Indianapolis recently put a stop to that sort of emotional fan agony with groundbreaking on a new arena for the Pacers.
Shovels hit the dirt in downtown Indianapolis on July 22 for a facility that will open in 1999. Cost of the private-public financed project, including demolition of Market Square Arena, is $175 million.
The Pacers, who share an American Basketball Association heritage with the Spurs, will play in Market Square Arena for the next two seasons. After that, they move into their luxury-box-laden, 19,000- seat facility.
“It’s really significant,” Pacers president Donnie Walsh said. “It’s a milestone for us. We’ve been able to make it work for all this time (at Market Square Arena). But at some point, without the new building, we wouldn’t have been able to make it.”
The financing scheme has been hailed as a combination of private and public money. City leaders call it 60-percent private, although it may become more of a public project in years to come when the city returns payment on a $37 million corporate contribution.
“Over the last several months, I have heard from thousands of Indianapolis residents,” Indianapolis mayor Steve Goldsmith said. "Almost all of them agree on two things. First, the Pacers are an enormously important asset to our community. Second, we should not raise property taxes, sales taxes or income taxes … to build a new arena.
“This plan achieves both of those goals.”
The Spurs, meanwhile, have backed off their own arena push because of a lack of support from area residents. A recent Spurs- sponsored poll of registered voters in San Antonio indicated 61 percent were opposed to a community coliseum.
For the time being, the Spurs will play in the Alamodome going into their 25th anniversary season. Walsh understands what the Spurs are going through in their quest for a new facility.
“If we didn’t get a new arena,” he said, “we’d have been forced into something we didn’t want to do. Our ownership took some losses, but you can’t absorb losses forever.”
The Pacers’ project continued the sweeping arena construction boom in the NBA, which has seen 11 of its 29 teams move into new facilities in the 1990s.
The Atlanta Hawks are scheduled to break ground with six weeks on a new facility to replace the razed Omni. For the next two seasons, the Hawks will divide its home games between Georgia Tech’s arena and the Georgia Dome.
Two other teams - the Golden State Warriors and Washington Wizards (formerly the Bullets) - will tip off in new arenas this fall.
All told, 20 NBA teams will have either moved into new facilities or have mapped out plans for one in the '90s, according to a recent Los Angeles Times study. Three Texas teams - the Spurs, Dallas Mavericks and Houston Rockets - are among remaining franchises without firm plans.
In most cases, NBA arena construction in the '90s has created controversy - primarily over the financial packages. The Spurs have not proposed one yet and already have drawn fire from residents fearing a tax increase.
The Pacers, in comparison, also went through some rough times.
“We didn’t have a referendum,” Walsh said, “but it was almost like we did, because we had so many surveys and public meetings.”
Indianapolis residents complained that too much emphasis had been placed on building sports facilities, such as the RCA Dome, and not enough had gone to education.
“People try to compare whether the team is as important as education, and you just can’t,” Walsh said. "It’s not (as important). Regardless of what happens with the arena, are (civic) leaders going to put any more money into (education) or not? Probably not.
“It’s just something that’s very hard for people to grasp.” Initially, Indianapolis city leaders were as skeptical as anyone. The Pacers won three ABA titles at Market Square Arena. Why couldn’t they continue to prosper at the same building in the NBA?
“It was a very difficult process,” said Jim Snyder, a special counsel to Indianapolis’ mayor. “It started about four years ago. The Pacers came around and said, ‘We can’t be competitive in MSA.’ We said we couldn’t believe it. It was a four- year odyssey for us to understand why.”
In San Antonio, the Spurs have said they can’t make the Alamodome work because of substandard premium seating - mainly, luxury suites. The Pacers, in contrast, had it worse. In Market Square, they had no suites or club seats.
“What you have to understand about basketball today is that you have a salary cap, and that cap is tied to income from all the teams’ revenues, including their suite revenues,” Walsh said. “If you don’t have the suites, and your expenses (player salaries) are going up in direct proportion to the other teams, it makes it very difficult to compete.”
It’s also becoming increasingly difficult for taxpayers to foot the entire bill for arena construction costs. In the NBA, most projects in the '90s have combined private and public sources of funding.
The Indianapolis project followed the form chart with what has been billed as more than $100 million in private funds. The Pacers will contribute $57 million in future arena revenues and $5 million up front.
Another $37 million will come from the business community through downtown mall profits. A donation of land from Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical giant, is listed as a $10 million in-kind contribution.
From the public sector, $50 million will be accrued over the years from a sports tax district. The money will come from the district’s sales and income taxes.
The income taxes would be collected from everyone - including athletes - who work at the arena, the RCA Dome and a Triple-A baseball field.
Additionally, a little more than $16 million will come from reserves of the Capital Improvements Board, which owns the lease on all three sports complexes.
A lawsuit by the Indiana state treasurer, challenging the legality of a law that created the sports district, is holding up the sale of bonds. Indianapolis officials don’t expect the suit to prevail, but until bonds are issued, the city is utilizing a $50 million line of credit to start the project.
Other questions have been raised about how much of the deal is public and how much is private. The $37 million corporate contribution from investors in a downtown shopping mall will be repaid by the city in 20 years.
Meanwhile, the Pacers will receive a “great deal” once lease negotiations are concluded, one team official said. It has been reported that the Pacers will receive most of the arena’s revenues, including all suite revenue from their games. Snyder said the team would get a 20-year lease, including a 10-year mandatory play provision.
After 10 years, the team could opt out at “a pretty significant” penalty, Snyder said. Snyder didn’t specify the penalty, saying only that it would be tied “to the value of the team.”
“The bottom line,” he said, “is that we (the city) are made whole.”
Walsh is satisfied with the provisions in the lease.
“It is a good deal,” he said. “It addresses our problems. We have more signage and more signage positions. We’ve got (2,000) club seats. It puts us in a much better position. But nobody is getting rich here.”
Despite the Spurs’ arena woes, Walsh predicted they would eventually get the building they want.
“I understand the problems they’re having,” he said. “But the Spurs are an integral part of what makes the city San Antonio. I think they’ll eventually find a way to solve the problem. That’s what communities do.”
Basketball’s Building Boom
Chalk up the 1990s as the decade of new-arena decadence in the NBA. Of the league’s 29 teams, 20 have either moved into new facilities this decade or have plans for a new home.
TEAM FACILITY COST (millions) OPEN SEATS SUITES FINANCE
Atlanta unnamed 213-x 1999 20,000 100 Pri./Pub.
Boston FleetCenter 160 1995 18,600 104 Pri./Pub.
Charlotte unnamed 192-p NA NA NA Pri./Pub.
Chicago United Center 175 1994 21,711 216 Pri.
Cleveland Gund Arena 152 1994 20,562 92 Pri./Pub.
Denver Pepsi Center 150 1999 19,200 84 Pri.
Golden State Coliseum Arena 100 1997 19,200 72 Pri./Pub.
Indiana Indiana Fieldhouse 175 1999 20,000 66 Pri./Pub.
L.A. Lakers unnamed 250-px 1999 20,000 160 Pri./Pub.
Miami unnamed 165-p 1999 NA NA Pri./Pub.
Minnesota Target Center 104 1990 19,006 68 Pri./Pub.
Philadelphia CoreStates Center 206 1996 18,168 126 Pri./Pub.
Phoenix America West Arena 96 1992 19,023 88 Pri./Pub.
Portland Rose Garden 262 1995 21,538 70 Pri./Pub.
San Antonio Alamodome 186 1993 20,662-y 34 Pub.
Seattle KeyArena 110 1995 17,072 58 Pub
Toronto Air Canada Centre 200 1999 22,500 NA Pri.
Utah Delta Center 94 1991 19,911 56 Pri.
Vancouver GM Place 160 1995 19,193 88 Pri.
Washington MCI Center 175-x 1997 20,000 110 Pri.
p: proposed
x: includes retail, commercial or attached amenities
y: lower-level seating; with upper deck 37,000 (Spurs capacity)
Pub.: public funding
Pri.: private funding
NA: not available
Source: Los Angeles Times, 1997
By Jerry Briggs, via San Antonio Express-News